UTILIZATION OF POTASSIUM CARBONATE-BASED DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS AS CATALYST IN TRANSESTERIFICATION REACTION OF JATROPHA CURCAS OIL
- Project Research
- 1-5 Chapters
- Abstract : Available
- Table of Content: Available
- Reference Style:
- Recommended for : Student Researchers
- NGN 3000
ABSTRACT
Deep eutectic solvents (DES) were synthesized from different mole ratios of K2CO3/glycerol at 400 rpm and 353 K for a period of 2 hours toform a homogenous transparent colorless liquid. ThreeDES were successfully formed at the ratio 1:20, 1:30 and 1:40. The DES synthesized were used as catalyst in transesterification reactionof Jatrophacurcasoil with time varied from 30 to 120 minutes, concentration of DES varied from 8 to 10% w/w, stirred at 300 rpm with a magnetic stirrer hot plate and at a temperature of 600C. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box–Behnken Design (BBD) was employed to examine the major reaction parameters (such as K2CO3/Glycerol ratio, catalyst (DES) concentration and reaction time), and to optimize the reaction conditions for achieving the maximum yield of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). Design Expert 6.06 software was used in the regression and graphical analyses of data. The statistical analysis of the model was performed to evaluate the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Maximum FAME yield of 98.2845% was achieved at optimum conditions of 1:32.58 mole ratio of K2CO3/glycerol, 8.96% w/w concentration of DES and 69.58min. GC-MS analysis revealed that the biodiesel contains 98.87% ester content and 1.13% non-ester composition. The properties of Jatrophacurcasoil biodiesel produced were characterized and found to agree with the ASTM D6751-12 standard.
Related Project Materials
THE IMPACT OF BUSINESS ETHICS ON THE PROFITABILITY OF AN ORGANIZATION
ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to examine the impact of business ethics on the profitability of an org...
IMPACT OF MATERNAL HIV INFECTION AND HAART ON PLASMA IMMUNOGLOBULINS AND CYTOKINE SECRETION BY B AND T LYMPHOCYTE
ABSTRACT
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection weakens the immunity of an individual; reduces lymphocyte population, alters cytoki...
APPRAISAL OF THE QUALITY OF POLITICAL COMMUNICATION DURING 2015 GENERAL ELECTIONS
BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Politi...
ASSESSING MEDIA OBJECTIVITY AND ITS ROLE IN THE COVERAGE OF THE ENDSARS PROTEST
EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY
Objectivity is undeniably one of journalism's most important characteristics. Individual journalists, however,...
EFFECT OF AUTOMOBILE TECHNOLOGY ON ENTREPRENEUR FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
1 Background of the study
Over the years there have been many definitions of&n...
THE LEVEL OF POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN RURAL AREAS
Abstract
The findings of this research indicate that, majority of respondents based on age are between age range of twen...
Examining the structure of the KTH web
Abstract
This thesis studies the characteristics of the network structure extracted from the public KTH web. The network structure was ex...
STATISITICAL ANALYSIS ON THE IMPACT OF BIRTH AND DEATH RATE ON NIGERIA ECONOMY FROM 2000-2015
Abstract
This project has the aim of studying the fertility and Death rate in Nigeria. The study...
PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN THE MANAGEMENT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF PRIVATE SECTOR COALITION AGAINST COVID-19 (CACOVID)
Background to The Study
A partnership is a multi-faceted, multi-layered concept and process. What actors are involved, h...
AN ANALYSIS OF POST-SCHOOL ACTIVITIES OF ILMIYYAH SCHOOL GRADUATES (A CASE STUDY OF APAPA IGANMU LOCAL COUNCIL DEVELOPMENT AREA)
Background of the study
Qur c ānic education has been a fundamental duty upon every Muslim for over 140...
